What does orthographic projection show?

Orthographic projection is a technique used in technical drawing to represent three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. This method involves displaying multiple views of an object, such as the front, top, and side, all in a flat format without perspective distortion. This allows for accurate depiction of the object's shape, size, and features from various angles, which is essential for understanding the structure and design in fields such as engineering and architecture.

Option A reflects this characteristic, emphasizing how orthographic projection translates the 3D form of an object into understandable 2D representations. This technique is invaluable in creating detailed drawings for construction, manufacturing, and other applications where precise specifications are necessary.

Other options refer to different aspects of graphical representation. For instance, measurements and materials relate to specifications rather than visual representation. Promotional layouts pertain more to marketing and advertisement design, while the flow of data in a graph is concerned with data visualization rather than the structural representation of physical objects. Thus, Option A is the correct choice as it accurately defines the function of orthographic projection in graphic communication.